CH\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u1ee8 NH\u1ee8T<\/p>\n
I. M\u1ee4C \u0110\u00cdCH<\/p>\n
V\u00d5 TR\u1ee4 QUAN<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c t\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 n\u00f3i t\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u0110\u1ea1o. V\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 g\u00ec.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i, \u0110\u1ea1o c\u00f3 ba ngh\u0129a, cao th\u1ea5p ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng:<\/p>\n
1. \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i (ngh\u0129a \u0111en);<\/p>\n
2. \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 l\u00fd (l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i) nh\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ai ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i noi theo (ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng);<\/p>\n
3. \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh, l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. Th\u00e0nh ra ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, n\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o (nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ea1o Nho\u2026), \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi ngh\u0129a ch\u00f3t l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch (ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ee9t).<\/p>\n
L\u1ea5y th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 cao th\u1ea5p, c\u00e1i ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ee9t n\u00e0y, cao h\u01a1n h\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i s\u1eafp \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng theo ph\u00e9p t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1 \u0111\u0103ng cao, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a d\u1ec5, th\u00e0nh ra ngh\u0129a kh\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0ng sau.<\/p>\n
Theo ngh\u0129a ch\u00f3t, \u0110\u1ea1o (xin vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef \u0110 l\u1edbn cho d\u1ec5 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t) l\u00e0 l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed9t b\u1ef1c, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i; l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, v\u00f4 song. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. V\u1eady \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u00f5 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n
Trong kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t, kinh D\u1ecbch ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 kh\u00ed \u00e2m, kh\u00ed d\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Hai kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi nhau, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. C\u1ea3 hai c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ed5n.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1i th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y khi \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec sanh d\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ed3i t\u1ecbnh; khi t\u1ecbnh th\u00ec sanh \u00e2m, h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c t\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u1ee9 lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e3i. X\u00e9t v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c sanh c\u1ee7a \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c, Th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i (h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u1edbn).<\/p>\n
Kinh D\u1ecbch n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “*Ng\u1eef \u0110\u1ea1o chi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u1ecb chi Th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c, ng\u1eef Th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c chi l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh v\u1ecb chi \u0110\u1ea1o*”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c sanh \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng) th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c. C\u00f2n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ea1o v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c l\u00e0 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n
Ph\u0103ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c, \u0110\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfng h\u01a1i (*v\u00f4 thinh x\u00fa*), kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft (*v\u00f4 tr\u1eabm tri\u1ec7u*) th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f4 c\u1ef1c. V\u00f4 c\u1ef1c ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c v\u00f4 (h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng). V\u00f4 c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c l\u00e0 hai th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n
\u00d4ng Ch\u00e2u Li\u00eam Kh\u00ea (Nho gi\u00e1o) g\u1ecdi \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 “*V\u00f4 c\u1ef1c nhi Th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c*”. \u00dd \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i: \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 ch\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 di\u1ec7u h\u1eefu, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Trong ch\u1ed7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng nghe ti\u1ebfng h\u01a1i, th\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft chi kia, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ea7m ph\u00e1t sanh mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u00d4ng \u0110\u1ea1o Quang n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 sau n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n
H\u1eefu v\u1eadt ti\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba,<\/p>\n
V\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u1ed5n t\u1ecbch li\u00eau.<\/p>\n
N\u0103ng vi v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7,<\/p>\n
B\u1ea5t tr\u1ee5c t\u1ee9 th\u1eddi di\u00eau.<\/p>\n
Ngh\u0129a N\u00f4m:<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt kia tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1eddi,<\/p>\n
Kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh, v\u1ed1n thi\u1ec7t b\u1eb7t t\u0103m h\u01a1i.<\/p>\n
C\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3 sanh mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt,<\/p>\n
T\u00e1m ti\u1ebft tr\u01a1 tr\u01a1 ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
C\u00f2n theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 xu\u00f4i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n, Ng\u1ed9 Ch\u01a1n Thi\u00ean c\u00f3 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 h\u01b0 v\u00f4 sanh nh\u1ee9t kh\u00ed,<\/p>\n
Ti\u1ec7n t\u00f9ng nh\u1ee9t kh\u00ed s\u1ea3n \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n
\u00c2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh tam th\u1ec3,<\/p>\n
Tam th\u1ec3 tr\u00f9ng sanh, v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ea1o \u1edf trong ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng kia (V\u00f4 c\u1ef1c) m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sanh m\u1ed9t kh\u00ed (Th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c). M\u1ed9t kh\u00ed sanh ra \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u00c2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7p l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng nhau, th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9 ba c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00ed. R\u1ed3i c\u00e1i th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9 ba n\u00e0y c\u1ee9 sanh hi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e3i, m\u00e0 h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n
Kinh D\u1ecbch n\u00f3i: “*\u00c2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7c v\u1eadn gi\u1ea3, kh\u00ed d\u00e3. K\u1ef3 l\u00fd t\u1eafc s\u1edf v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1o*”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: \u00c2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n v\u1edbi nhau th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00ed. C\u00f2n c\u00e1i l\u00fd (raison) hay l\u00e0 s\u1edf d\u0129 nhi\u00ean (cause) c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u1eeb Th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c s\u1eafp v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00fd<\/strong>. C\u00f2n khi Th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ecbnh sanh \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 sau, th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00ed<\/strong>, cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a ho\u1eb7c g\u1ecdi l\u00fd Th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ho\u1eb7c g\u1ecdi kh\u00ed Th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1eddi sau.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac c\u00f3 kh\u00ed r\u1ed3i, l\u00fd Th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c \u1ea9n \u1edf trong kh\u00ed m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u00e0nh ra l\u00fd kh\u00ed h\u1ed7n hi\u1ec7p c\u00f9ng nhau. V\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 l\u00fd \u1edf trong kh\u00ed lu\u00f4n, c\u00f2n kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng l\u00fac n\u00e0o r\u1eddi l\u00fd.<\/p>\n \u00c2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i chia ra l\u00e0m hai t\u1eebng: Ti\u00ean thi\u00ean v\u00e0 H\u1eadu thi\u00ean. Theo b\u00e1t qu\u00e1i Ti\u00ean thi\u00ean, \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ki\u1ec1n Kh\u00f4n, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed, ch\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 sanh. Theo B\u00e1t qu\u00e1i H\u1eadu thi\u00ean, \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3m Ly, c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh (nu\u00f4i n\u1ea5ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ecdn th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh). Cho n\u00ean kinh n\u00f3i: “*L\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u00f9ng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba, t\u1ee9 c\u00e1 \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng*”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Hai t\u1eebng tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n V\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh v\u00f5 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadt, kh\u00ed v\u1ed1n trong s\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, kh\u00ed theo m\u1ea1ng l\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a l\u00fd, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00ed Ti\u00ean thi\u00ean. Kinh D\u1ecbch n\u00f3i: “*Ti\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi thi\u00ean ph\u1ea5t vi*”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Kh\u00ed \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi th\u00ec Tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1i (kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf). \u00c2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng Ti\u00ean thi\u00ean c\u00f2n \u1edf trong kh\u00ed Th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Tuy \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00ed l\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00fac t\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ebfn khi h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh v\u00f5 tr\u1ee5 c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadt, kh\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn ra h\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5t, l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00ed H\u1eadu thi\u00ean. Kinh D\u1ecbch n\u00f3i: “*H\u1eadu thi\u00ean nhi ph\u1ee5ng thi\u00ean th\u1eddi*”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Kh\u00ed \u1edf sau Tr\u1eddi th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i thu\u1eadn m\u00f9a ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Tr\u1eddi (b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf). \u00c2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1eadu thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 sanh ra ngo\u00e0i kh\u00ed Th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Hai ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 chia r\u1ebd h\u1eb3n v\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n H\u1ec5 \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7p th\u00ec sanh th\u00e0nh, \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1n th\u00ec di\u1ec7t vong. Cho n\u00ean mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt sanh di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 do kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n NH\u01a0N SANH QUAN<\/p>\n Tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u00fd kh\u00ed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadt c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd kh\u00ed, n\u00ean Th\u00e1nh Hi\u1ec1n x\u01b0a g\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba. L\u00fd kh\u00ed \u1edf trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0: T\u00e1nh v\u00e0 M\u1ea1ng, Th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 Kh\u00ed, Nh\u1ee9t v\u00e0 Ngu\u01a1n. T\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ed3n ph\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ed3n ph\u00e1ch ri\u00eang ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea7n H\u1eadu thi\u00ean m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n Trong v\u00f5 tr\u1ee5 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3, \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u00ed c\u1ea3, th\u00ec c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00fd. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1edd kh\u00ed m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh, th\u00ec c\u0169ng do l\u00fd l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. T\u00e2m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 kh\u00ed l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh. Ch\u1eb3ng m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3. C\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng v\u00ed nh\u01b0 kh\u00ed l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 sai th\u1ea5t (\u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1eb3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u). Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ch\u1ed7 sai th\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3 ch\u1eb3ng m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n Kinh Thi n\u00f3i: “*Thi\u00ean sanh ch\u01b0ng d\u00e2n, h\u1eefu v\u1eadt h\u1eefu t\u1eafc. D\u00e2n chi b\u1ec9nh di, h\u00e1o th\u1ecb \u00fd \u0111\u1ee9c*”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Tr\u1eddi sanh ra c\u00e1c s\u1eafc d\u00e2n, h\u1ec5 c\u00f3 v\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc. C\u00e1i ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean Tr\u1eddi ph\u00fa cho d\u00e2n gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y, l\u00e0 \u01b0a m\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n L\u1eddi kinh c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i: Tr\u1eddi sanh ra lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong v\u00f5 tr\u1ee5, ph\u00e0m c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 (do kh\u00ed sanh), th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u00fd). Ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u1edf trong b\u1ed5n t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0m ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0nh, khi\u1ebfn cho ai ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0nh m\u00e0 \u01b0a m\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ee9c Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed khen t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i thi n\u00e0y r\u1eb1ng: “*K\u1ef3 tri \u0110\u1ea1o h\u1ed3?*”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea1o ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n Kinh L\u1ec5 n\u00f3i: “*\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o chi h\u00e0nh, thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 vi c\u00f4ng*”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ec7t h\u00e0nh kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, th\u00ec thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec1u theo l\u1ebd c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n Cho n\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh, l\u00e0m ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u chung cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o Ch\u1ee7 n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. C\u00e1c b\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 b\u1ef1c ti\u00ean gi\u00e1c, ph\u00e1t minh l\u1ebd \u0110\u1ea1o cho k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ee7 r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u1ea1o v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed3ng cho thi\u00ean h\u1ea1. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u s\u00f9ng k\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ebd \u0110\u1ea1o, th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1i nhau, c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng (l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1i nhau. Ch\u00fang sanh m\u1edbi mong thi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3nh th\u00e1i h\u00f2a \u1edf th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n B\u1edfi \u0110\u1ea1o \u1edf trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cho n\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i: “*\u0110\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3 d\u00e3 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 tu du l\u1ecb d\u00e3. Kh\u1ea3 l\u1ecb, phi \u0110\u1ea1o d\u00e3*”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: \u0110\u1ea1o ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1 l\u00eca ra kh\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu l\u00eca ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ea1o. V\u00ec l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n \u0111\u00edch m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u1edf trong th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n Nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y l\u00e0 Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ee9c (Kant) ch\u1ec9 s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i hai v\u1eadt, c\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 tinh kh\u00f4ng (firmament) \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ta, hai l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c (loi morale) \u1edf trong t\u00e2m ta. Tuy l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ngay c\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng ta ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n m\u1edf \u0111\u00e0ng ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda t\u1ed9i d\u1eef, n\u00e2ng cao nh\u01a1n c\u00e1ch, k\u1ebft d\u00e2y \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch trong th\u00e2n n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, th\u00ec quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00e9p n\u00e0o hay h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c \u1edf ngo\u00e0i th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 d\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n, n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 gieo s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd v\u00e0 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n gi\u1eefa lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ea1o Minh L\u00fd h\u00e1 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c sao?<\/p>\n II. T\u00d4NG CH\u1ec8<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ecaNH NGH\u0128A CH\u1eee MINH L\u00dd<\/p>\n T\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u1ec9, l\u1ed1i xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i. T\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Minh L\u00fd \u1edf trong hai ch\u1eef hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1o Minh L\u00fd<\/strong>. Ch\u1eef Minh<\/strong> tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb, ch\u1eef L\u00fd<\/strong> sau l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n Minh<\/strong> l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a g\u00ec? L\u1ea5y ngh\u0129a th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9c, *Minh* l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u, nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Theo \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, *Minh* l\u00e0: “*T\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c nhi gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 khi*”. *T\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c* ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u1ec9nh ng\u1ed9, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh x\u00e9t bi\u1ebft trong t\u00e2m. C\u00f2n *gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 khi*, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 r\u0103n ch\u1ed7 m\u00ecnh d\u1ed1i g\u1ea1t l\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec \u0111\u1eebng l\u00e0m tu\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, m\u00e0 c\u1ee9 l\u1ea7m l\u0169i theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n ri\u00eang \u00edch k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu tin v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo, th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Minh.<\/p>\n L\u00fd<\/strong> l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a chi? Ch\u1eef L\u00fd n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, do ch\u1ed7 ng\u0169 quan nghe bi\u1ebft \u1edf ngo\u00e0i, m\u00e0 suy di\u1ec5n ra. V\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 l\u00fd h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i, r\u1eddi r\u00e3, t\u00f9y s\u1edf h\u1ecdc, t\u00f9y t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n, t\u00f9y d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng m\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i kh\u00e1c. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, L\u00fd<\/strong> n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Ti\u00ean thi\u00ean, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0m ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho tr\u0103m n\u1ebft. C\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c \u1edf ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o l\u00fd trong t\u00e2m, m\u00e0 nh\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eb3ng, l\u00e0nh d\u1eef. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0nh vi th\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n, sau h\u00e0nh vi th\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n L\u00fd tuy nh\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed3ng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf c\u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7. S\u00e1ch Nho g\u1ecdi l\u00e0: “*\u0110\u1ecbnh trung nhi v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh*”. B\u1edfi n\u00f3 t\u00f9y m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t b\u00e1t, vi\u00ean dung. H\u1ec5 ph\u00f3ng ra th\u00ec n\u00f3 tr\u00e0n d\u1eaby s\u00e1u h\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u00f2n th\u00e2u l\u1ea1i th\u00ec n\u00f3 r\u00fat \u1ea9n v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 k\u00edn. T\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda trong \u0111\u00e1: Khi \u0111\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y v\u0103ng l\u1eeda ra; m\u00e0 ch\u1eebng th\u00f4i \u0111\u1eadp, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n Trong cu\u1ed1n B\u1ed1 C\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Minh L\u00fd, Ti\u00ean Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a hai ch\u1eef Minh L\u00fd trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 sau n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ea1o*** *l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ed5n kh\u00e1 t\u1ea7m m\u00f2,<\/p>\n Minh*** *m\u1eabn l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ea1n x\u00e9t d\u00f2.<\/p>\n L\u00fd*** *\u1ea5y t\u00e1nh ch\u01a1n, v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb th\u1ecb,<\/p>\n Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n h\u1ecda ph\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eb3ng so \u0111o.<\/p>\n Ch\u1eef *v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb th\u1ecb* ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng hai, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1ed3i. Ch\u1eef l\u00fd n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh ch\u01a1n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi ch\u01a1n t\u00e1nh, ch\u01a1n t\u00e1nh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u00fd. Cho n\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng k\u00e9p l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u00e1nh (nature raisonnable) hay l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh l\u00fd (raison naturelle).<\/p>\n MINH L\u00dd C\u0102N C\u1ee8 B\u00caN TRONG<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ee9c L\u00e3o T\u1eed n\u00f3i: “*Tri nh\u01a1n gi\u1ea3 tr\u00ed, t\u1ef1 tri gi\u1ea3 minh*”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0 tr\u00ed, c\u00f2n t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 minh. V\u1eady ch\u1eef minh, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, ch\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n T\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Minh L\u00fd l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7ng th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y b\u1ed5n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i trong v\u00f5 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed5n th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o. N\u1ebfu m\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec suy ta ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadt. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadt, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n S\u00e1ch Trung Dung c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t \u00fd \u0111\u00f3, n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: Trong thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, duy c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ed th\u00e0nh m\u1edbi hay nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y tr\u1ecdn c\u00e1i t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y tr\u1ecdn c\u00e1i t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y tr\u1ecdn c\u00e1i t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y tr\u1ecdn c\u00e1i t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y tr\u1ecdn c\u00e1i t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt, nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y tr\u1ecdn c\u00e1i t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c h\u00f3a d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1ng b\u00fat gi\u1ea3i hai ch\u1eef Minh L\u00fd cho \u0111\u1ea1o Minh L\u00fd thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 qu\u1ebb Tr\u1ea1ch L\u00f4i T\u00f9y. \u0110\u1ea1i \u00fd, Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: Trong qu\u1ebb n\u00e0y, \u1edf tr\u00ean l\u00e0 cung \u0110o\u00e0i, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y, l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u1ede d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 cung Ch\u1ea5n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u00f4ng, l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ta, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u00ean trong. \u0110o\u00e0i ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u01b0a \u0111\u1eb9p. Ch\u1ea5n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ta huy \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi, \u1edf trong \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u k\u1ebb \u1edf ngo\u00e0i, \u1edf tr\u00ean \u01b0a \u0111\u1eb9p. \u1ea4y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi ta c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00f9y. Minh L\u00fd l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y t\u00e1nh c\u1ea7u t\u00ecnh, qui v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ed5n.<\/p>\n Qui v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ed5n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u1eabn t\u00ecnh theo t\u00e1nh. \u00dd n\u00f3i: L\u1ea5y t\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u chu\u1ed9ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi vui l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9i g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 lo cho m\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t m\u00e0 qu\u00ean k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c v\u00f9a theo k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 qu\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trung ch\u00e1nh, b\u1ecf m\u1ea5t c\u0103n b\u1ed5n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Minh L\u00fd.<\/p>\n III. \u0110\u1ea0O MINH L\u00dd \u0110\u1ed0I V\u1edaI NHO, TH\u00cdCH, \u0110\u1ea0O v\u00e0 TRI\u1ebeT H\u1eccC<\/p>\n L\u00dd T\u00c1NH V\u1ed0N C\u00d3 M\u1ed8T V\u1eacT<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o Tam gi\u00e1o, Minh L\u00fd tuy c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 chi ti\u1ebft b\u1edfi t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf, m\u00e0 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t t\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9, l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1o trong th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u00e1nh. L\u00fd t\u00e1nh v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ee9c Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed k\u00eau th\u1ea7y T\u0103ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i: “*Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u1ea1o nh\u1ee9t d\u0129 qu\u00e1n chi*”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: \u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ta do m\u1ed9t (l\u00fd) m\u00e0 x\u00e9t hi\u1ec3u m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1, m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt. Th\u1ea7y T\u0103ng li\u1ec1n “d\u1ea1”. Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Phu T\u1eed \u0111i r\u1ed3i, c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi l\u1ea1i th\u1ea7y T\u0103ng cho bi\u1ebft \u00fd Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i chi. Th\u1ea7y T\u0103ng ngh\u0129 kh\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ed5n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o, b\u00e8n gi\u1ea3i r\u1eb1ng: “*Phu T\u1eed chi \u0111\u1ea1o, trung th\u1ee9 nhi d\u0129 h\u0129*”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: \u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Phu T\u1eed l\u00e0 h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng suy ta ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i. K\u1ef3 thi\u1ec7t l\u1eddi n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n Th\u1ea7y Ch\u00e2u T\u1eed gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng r\u1eb1ng: “*Phu T\u1eed chi nh\u1ee9t l\u00fd h\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean, nhi phi\u1ebfm \u1ee9ng kh\u00fac \u0111\u00e1ng, th\u00ed t\u1eafc thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba chi ch\u00ed th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 t\u1ee9c, nhi v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eafc k\u1ef3 s\u1edf d\u00e3*”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: M\u1ed9t l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Phu T\u1eed l\u00e0 bao tr\u00f9m h\u1ebft, \u1ee9ng kh\u1eafp mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ri\u00eang v\u1edbi t\u1eebng v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ec1u theo l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 Tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea5t ch\u00ed th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9, m\u00e0 mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed tr\u00ed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u1ed5n th\u1ecfa v\u1eady.<\/p>\n M\u00c0 C\u00d3 NHI\u1ec0U T\u00caN KH\u00c1C NHAU<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0ng l\u00fd t\u00e1nh ph\u00e1t di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng. B\u1edfi l\u00fd t\u00e1nh g\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi mu\u00f4n s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00f9y m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean n\u00e0y t\u00ean n\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u00edt.<\/p>\n Nho gi\u00e1o g\u1ecdi c\u00e1i M\u1ed9t \u1ea5y, l\u00e0 Th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c trong Kinh D\u1ecbch, \u0110\u1ea1o t\u00e2m trong Kinh Th\u01a1, Minh \u0111\u1ee9c trong s\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc, Thi\u00ean m\u1ea1ng chi t\u00e1nh trong s\u00e1ch Trung Dung, L\u01b0\u01a1ng tri, L\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u0103ng hay l\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m trong s\u00e1ch M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed, Nh\u00e2n trong s\u00e1ch Lu\u1eadn Ng\u1eef, Thi\u00ean l\u00fd trong s\u00e1ch T\u00e1nh L\u00fd.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o g\u1ecdi c\u00e1i M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 C\u1ed1c th\u1ea7n, Ch\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng, Thi\u00ean l\u01b0\u01a1ng, Ch\u01a1n t\u00e1nh, Kim \u0111\u01a1n \u2026 l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “*Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1eafc nh\u1ee9t d\u0129 thanh, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1eafc nh\u1ee9t d\u0129 ninh, th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eafc nh\u1ee9t d\u0129 linh*”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7ng M\u1ed9t n\u00ean thanh t\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7ng M\u1ed9t n\u00ean an ninh, th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7ng M\u1ed9t n\u00ean hi\u1ec3n linh.<\/p>\n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o g\u1ecdi c\u00e1i M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: Ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0, Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh, Ngu\u01a1n minh di\u1ec7u t\u00e2m, Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ea1ng, B\u1ea1ch t\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9c, Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n, Ch\u01a1n ng\u00e3, X\u00e1 l\u1ee3i, Kim cang \u2026 Kinh Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: “*T\u00e2m, Ph\u1eadt c\u1eadp ch\u00fang sanh, th\u1ecb tam v\u00f4 sai bi\u1ec7t*”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: C\u00e1i t\u00e2m, ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh, c\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9. Ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n PH\u1ea2I \u0110\u1ecaNH T\u01af\u1edeNG V\u00c0O M\u1ed8T L\u00dd M\u00c0 TH\u00d4I<\/p>\n Th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ecdc kinh s\u00e1ch, h\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean, th\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt, th\u00e0nh ra ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n, t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n trong l\u00f2ng. N\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n, t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 nh\u1ee9t. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch xa v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1o r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n Ch\u1eef nh\u1ee9t<\/strong> t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u1edfng. Ph\u00e0m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u00fd n\u00e0o r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng th\u00eam m\u1ea1nh. H\u1ec5 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec li\u1ec1n \u1ee9ng ra tay ch\u01a1n, th\u00e0nh ra c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 khi m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft. S\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7t h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o do n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng n\u00ean bi\u1ebft: Theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, c\u00e1i M\u1ed9t n\u00f3i tr\u00ean l\u00e0 L\u00fd t\u00e1nh, L\u01b0\u01a1ng tri. C\u00f2n theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, c\u00e1i M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n th\u1ec3 (noum\u00e8ne, chose en soi). Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc gia v\u00e0 Tam gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o. Minh L\u00fd kh\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn ra ngo\u00e0i ch\u1eef M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1 chi! C\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ea5p cao, d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e2u c\u1ea1n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" CH\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u1ee8 NH\u1ee8T I. M\u1ee4C \u0110\u00cdCH V\u00d5 TR\u1ee4 QUAN C\u00e1c t\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 n\u00f3i t\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u0110\u1ea1o. V\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 g\u00ec. \u0110\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i, \u0110\u1ea1o c\u00f3 ba ngh\u0129a, cao th\u1ea5p ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng: 1. \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i (ngh\u0129a \u0111en); 2. \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 l\u00fd (l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i) nh\u1ee9t […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","giao_ly_cat":[15],"class_list":["post-1283","giao_ly","type-giao_ly","status-publish","hentry","giao_ly_cat-minh-ly-yeu-giai"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamtongmieu.minhlydao.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/giao_ly\/1283","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamtongmieu.minhlydao.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/giao_ly"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamtongmieu.minhlydao.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/giao_ly"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamtongmieu.minhlydao.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1283"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"giao_ly_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamtongmieu.minhlydao.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/giao_ly_cat?post=1283"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}